更新时间:2023-12-24 13:58
缩略:为了称说方便,使事物称谓中的成分进行有规律的节缩或者省略叫做缩略。
近年来,缩略语大量的被使用。汉语缩略语因为数量较少、含义明确,使用相对规范。
但是,诸如英语缩略语等,因为数量巨大,并且还在不断地生成之中,客观上造成使用不规范、误导民众等后果。
2010年,中央电视台明令禁止在电视节目中使用英语缩略语,如先前被广泛使用的“NBA”被改称“美国男子职业篮球联赛”。我国鼓励对外语缩略语进行恰当的翻译后进入汉语词汇,反对不加翻译直接混入汉语中的外文缩略语。对外文缩略语的限制与规范,是维护汉语纯洁性的重要举措。
在英语中,缩略词通常指一个多音节的词扔掉一个或几个音节,然后变成的词语。比如PHOTO就是PHOTOgraph的缩略词。缩略词也可以是省略后面几个音节,只保留前面,这种方法是最常见的,比如intro是introduction的缩略词。也可以省略前面的单词,比如chute是parachute的缩略词。除此之外还有一些其他的保留中间音节的缩略词,比如flu是influenza的缩略。
MKT: market
MGR: manager
MSG: message
STD: standard
RCV: receive
INFO: information
INS: insurance
EXCH: exchange
I owe you: IOU
In stead of: I/O
WK: week
RM: room
PL: people
R: are
THO: though
THRU: through
-ism 简写为 m 例如:socialism Sm
-tion 简 简写为 n 例如:standardization (标准化) stdn
-cian 简 简写为 o 例如:technician techo
-ing 简写为 g 例如:marketing (市场营销) MKTg
RCV: Receive
REF: Reference
REGL: Regular
REP: Representative
RESN: Reservation
RPT: Repeat
RESPON: Responsible
SEC: Section
SITN: Situation
STD: Standard
TEL: Telephone
TEMP: Temporary
TGM: Telegraph
THO: Though
TKS: Thanks
TRD: Trade
TRF: Traffic
TTL: Total
U: You
UR: Your
WK: Week
WL: Will
WT: Weight
XL: Extra large
e.g.=for example
no.=number
i.e.=that is
etc.=et cetera
1st=first
2nd=second
∴=therefore
∵=because
△=replace
&=and W/=with Building=bldg very expensive=v exp education=edu air-conditioner=a/c Ad (advertisement)广告 Lab (laboratory)实验室 Gym (gymnasium)健身室,体育馆 Disco (discotheque)迪斯科 Exam (examination)考试 Math (mathematics)数学 Pop (popular music)流行乐 Memo (memorandum)备忘录 Pub (public house)酒吧 Hippo (hippopotamus)河马 Vet (veterinarysurgeon/veteran)兽医/老兵 Doc (doctor)医生 Gas (gasoline)汽油 Fax (facsimile)传真 Phone (telephone)电话 Fridge (refrigerator)冰箱 其他 AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) 获得性免疫功能丧失综合症,即艾滋病 AM (Amplitude Modulation) 调幅 APC (aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine; compound aspirin; heat-relieving and pain-killing medicine consisting of aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine) 复方阿斯匹林 API (Air Pollution Index)空气污染指数 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) 码分多址,一种无线电发射和接受方式 CIP (Cataloguing in Publication)预编目录 DIY (Do It Yourself)指自己动手装电脑,缝制衣服,做贺卡等 DVD (Digital Video Disc) 数字化视频光盘 EMS (Express Mail Service) 邮政特快专递 EQ (Emotional Quotient) 情商 IQ (Intelligence Quotient) 智商 IT (Information Technology)信息技术 OA (Office Automation) 办公自动化 OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)原始设备制造商 PT (Particular Transfer) 特别转让 SOHO (Small Office Home Office) 小型家居办公室 SOS (Save Our Souls; radio signal once used universally to appeal for help esp. by a ship or boat; urgent request for help from sb. in trouble) 国际上曾通用的紧急呼救信号,也用于一般的求救或求助 ST (Special Treatment) 特别处理 VIP (Very Important Person) 重要人物 VOD (Video on Demand) 视频点播 WWW (World Wide Web) 万维网 ASAP As soon as possible尽快 BTW By the way 随便说一下 BBL Be back later 稍后回来 BRB Be right back 很快回来 CU See you 再见 CUL See you later 下次再会 DIIK Damned if I known 我真的不知道 DS Dunce smiley 笨伯 FE For example 举例 FTF Face to face 面对面 FYI For your information 供参考 GF girlfriend 女朋友 IAE In any event无论如何 IC I see 我明白 ILY I love you 我爱你 IMHO In my humble opinion 依愚人之见 IMO In my opinion 依我所见 IOW In other words 换句话说 LOL laughing out loudly 大声笑 NRN No reply necessary 不必回信 OIC Oh, I see 哦,我知道 PEM Privacy enhanced mail 保密邮件 RSVP Reply if you please 请答复 TIA Thanks in advance 十分感谢 TTUL Talk to you later 以后再讲 TY Thank you 谢谢 VG very good 很好 WRT With respect to 关于 WYMM Will you marry me 愿意嫁给我吗 ARPG(Action Role Play Game,动作角色扮演游戏) AVG(Adventure Game,冒险类游戏) DAN(Dance,跳舞类游戏,包括跳舞机、吉他机、打鼓机等) ETC(etc,其它类游戏,包括模拟飞行) FFJ(Force Feedback Joystick(力量反匮式操纵杆) FPG(First Person Game,第一人称游戏) GB(GameBoy,任天堂4位手提游戏机) GBC(GameBoy Color,任天堂手提16色游戏机) GG(GameGear,世嘉彩色手提游戏机) FC(Famicom,任天堂8位游戏机) fps(s per second,帧/秒) FR(s Rate,游戏运行帧数) SFC(Super Famicom,超级任天堂16位游戏机) SLG(Simulation Game,模拟类游戏)SPG(SportsGames,运动类游戏) SRPG(Strategies Role Play Games,战略角色扮演游戏) STG(Shoot Game,射击类游戏) SS(Sega Saturn,世嘉土星32位游戏机) PC(Personal Computer,个人计算机) PS(PlayStation,索尼32位游戏机) PS(PocketStation,索尼手提游戏机) RAC(Race,赛车类游戏) RTS(RealTime Strategies,实时战略) RPG(Role Play Game,角色扮演游戏) TAB(Table Chess,桌棋类游戏) NOS(Network Operating System)网络操作系统 BBS (Bulletin Board System)电子布告栏系统或(Bulletin Board Service)电子布告服务 GPS (Global Position System)全球定位系统 GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)全球移动通信系统 CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System)计算机集成制造系统 DOS (Disc Operating System)磁盘操作系统 ITS (Intelligent Transportation System)智能交通系统 NMD (National Missile Defense)国家导弹防御系统 TMDE (Test, Measure and Diagnostic Equipment) 试验、测量与诊断设备 NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) 纳斯达克,<美>全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会 1 C&F (cost&freight)成本加运费价 2 T/T (telegraphic transfer)电汇 3 D/P (document against payment)付款交单 4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 6 G.S.P. (generalized system of preferences)普惠制 7 CTN/CTNS (carton/cartons)纸箱 8 PCE/PCS (piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等 10 DOZ/DZ (dozen)一打 11 PKG (package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 12 WT (weight)重量 13 G.W. (gross weight)毛重 14 N.W. (net weight)净重 15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单 16 EA (each)每个,各 17 W (with)具有 18 w/o (without)没有 19 FAC (facsimile)传真 20 IMP (import)进口 21 EXP (export)出口 22 MAX (maximum)最大的、的最大限度的 24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的 25 M/V (merchant vessel)商船 26 S.S (steamship)船运 27 MT或M/T (metric ton)公吨 28 DOC (document)文件、的单据 29 INT (international)国际的 31 INV (invoice)发票 33 REF (reference)参考、的查价 34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递 35 STL. (style)式样、的款式、的类型 36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传 37 RMB (renminbi)人民币 38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记 39 PR或PRC (price) 价格 40 PUR (purchase)购买、的购货 42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证 43 B/L (bill of lading)提单 45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、的保险加运费价 ATM (Automated Teller Machine) 自动取款(出纳)机 CBD (Central Business District)中央商务区 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国内生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)国民生产总值 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)亚太经贸合作组织 IOC (International Olympic Committee)国际奥林匹克委员会 ISO (International Organization for Standardization)国际标准化组织 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克,石油输出国组织 WTO (World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织 UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization)联合国教育科学文化组织(也叫国际文教组织) 例如: (The)UNESCO has made some contributions to the world.(UNESCO 对世界做出一些贡献) NATO(North Atlantic Treaty organization)北大西洋公约组织。 例如:Could(the)NATO members stick to their commitments?(NATO 的成员能坚守承担义务吗?) SALT(Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty)战略武器限制公约 例如:Should every nation join(the)SALT?(每个国家都要加入 SALT?) NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)美国航天太空总署 例句:The U.S. space programs depend on the performances of NASA.(美国的太空计画是靠NASA的表现而定。) (注:以上缩写字也被人们当做一个字看待) WHO(World Health organization)世界卫生组织 例句:Taiwan has been trying to become one of the WHO members.(台湾一直想办法成为WHO的成员之一) FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation)联邦调查局(负责美国境内) CIA(Central Intelligence Agency)中央情报局(负责国外) 例句:Over the past years, Dr. and Mrs. Lee have worked for both FBI and CIA.(过去多年来李博士夫妇都为 FBI 和 CIA 工作) FDA(Food and Drug Administration)美国食品药物管理局 例句:This new drug has to be approved by the FDA.(这新药要经 FDA 批准) USDA(United States Department of Agriculture)美国农业部 例句:USDA supplies myriad of information on agriculture market.(有关农业市场,USDA 供应大量资料。) IRS(Internal Revenue Service)美国税务局 例句:Employees working for IRS should be courteous toward tax payers.(IRS 员工对纳税人应该有礼貌) NAACP(National Association for the Advancement of Color People)(全国黑人权益促进会,即黑人为了增进权益的最大机构) 例句:Many African-Americans join NAACP.(许多美国黑人参加 NAACP) NIH(National Institute of Health) 例句:Mr. Wang has worked at NIH as a researcher.(王先生在 NIH 担任研究员) AARP (American Association of Retired People.)(美国退休人员协会) 例句:At age 50, you are eligible to be a member of AARP.(如果你 50 岁就可以成为 AARP 的会员) AAUP (American Association of University Professors) (美国大学教授协会) 例句:The AAUP has many branches at different colleges and universities in the U.S. (AAUP 在美国各大学有很多分会) SCORE (Services Corps of Retired Executives)(退休主管服务队)(这是美国企业界主管退休后,免费担任顾问,协助年轻人创业的团体。) (注意:corps 单复数一样,发音与 corpse 不同,要小心。) (注:老外在机构名称缩写字前面,有时加冠词 the, a ,an,有时不加,不过在正式文件里,通常都加。) CR=credit贷方,债主 (注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的,你的银行卡,是你将钱放入银行,银行是“借贷方”,所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡,是你从银行或者财政公司借钱,银行或公司是“贷方”,所就叫credit。) Exp=Expense花费,费用 O/H=overhead常用开支 TC=total cost总费用 FC=fixed cost常设费用 P=profit竟利润 S=sales销售总额 Rev=revenue利润 MC=marginal cost费用差额 GM=gross margin毛利 MR=marginal revenue利润差额 A/R=acount receivable待收款(销售后,记账以后收取。) A/P=account payable代付费(花费后记账,以后付费。) PMT=payment支付款 N/I=net income纯收入 AMT=amount数额 DCT=discount打折 AF=AIR FORCE(空军) ARMY=陆军 C=CHRISTIANISM(基督教) J=JUDAISM(犹太教) C=CATHOLICISM(天主教) B=BUDDHISM(佛教) I=ISLAM(伊斯兰教) NR=NO REFERENCE(没有宗教信仰) CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 首席执行官 CFO (Chief Finance Officer) 首席财务官 CIO (Chief Information Officer) 首席信息官 COO (Chief Operating Officer) 首席运行官 CTO (Chief Technology Officer)首席技术官 CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 注册会计师 MBA (Master of Business Administration)工商管理硕士 MPA (Master of Public Administration)公共管理硕士 CET (College English Test)大学英语等级考试 GRE (Graduate Record Examination)美国研究生入学考试 PETS (Public English Test System)全国英语等级考试 SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) 学术能力倾向测验(就是美国为高中生想进大学而设的考试) 例句:The well-known universities accept new students based on SAT scores and well-rounded personalities. (名大学接受新生根据 SAT 成绩及各方面优良的品德) GPA (Grade Point Average)(学业成绩总平均) 例句:His GPA always stands on the top of his class. (他的 GPA 都是全班第一) GED (General Equivalent Diploma); 一般同等文凭(高中没有毕业的学生,如果参加 GED,及格后,就可取得高中毕业证书) 例句:If he passes GED test, he will earn a high school diploma. AP (advanced placement) 在校高中生,如果选修 AP 课程,考试及格,将来进大学时,可不必再修。 例句:His son took some AP courses at high school. GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test) 美国为攻读企管硕士 (MBA) 学生而设的入学考试 例句:In order to enter a MBA program, you need a high score on GMAT. LSAT (Law School Admission Test) 美国为攻读法律学生而设的入学考试 例句:He did very well in his LSAT. (他的 LSAT 考得不错) MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) 美国为进入医学院学生而设的考试 例句:Do you think he will do well in his MCAT? GRE (Graduate Record Exam) 这是美国大学研究所对一般研究生的入学考试 例句:Most American graduate schools require GRE scores.(多半美国研究所需要 GRE 成绩) TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) 外国学生想进美国大学的英语能力考试(即所谓:「托福」考试) 例句:Almost all Chinese college graduates are required to take TOEFL if they come to the U.S. for advanced degrees. (几乎所有的中国大学毕业生都要参加 TOEFL,假如他们要到美国取得高学位的话。) CLEP(College Level Exam Program) 任何人只要有学识专长,都可参加这种考试,一旦及格,就可取得大学的学分。 例句:As long as you pass CLEP, You may earn college credits.(只要你通过 CLEP,就能获得大学学分。) (注:老外一般所谓「大学」只说 College,不说 University) ESOL(English for Speakers of Other Languages) 这是美国为新来移民或外国学生所设的特别英语课程。也叫 ESL(English as a Second Language) 例句:Many American campuses offer ESOL courses for foreign students.(许多美国校园为外国学生开设 ESOL 课程) EOE (Equal Opportunity Employer) 这是美国各机构招考员工时向申请工作者表明自己是「平等机会雇主」。 例句:All African-Americans hope that their employments will be based on EOE.(所有美国黑人都希望他们的工作机会均等) DOQ (Depending on Qualifications) 根据申请工作者的资历决定是否雇用。 例句:The DOQ policy is being used by our school in hiring new teachers. (聘请新教师时,本校采用 DOQ 政策。) 例句:The college president wants to improve its PR with the community.(大学校长想与社区增进公共关系) CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 最高行政执行长 (多半指企业界或公司领导人) 例句:The CEO of this company will resign because of poor health. (这公司的 CEO 因为身体不好而辞职) CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 美国有执照的会计师 例句:Do you have a CPA to prepare your income tax?(你有 CPA 为你报税吗?) COLA (Cost of Living Adjustment) 生活费用的调整(即加薪时是按生活指数而定) 例句:Our annual pay raise will be based on COLA. STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease) = VD = Venereal Disease 性病(在 STD 较常用) 例句:Many teen-agers face STD problems.(许多青少年面临 STD 问题) SOA (Sexually oriented Advertisement) 有关性方面的广告 GOP (Grand Old Party)美国共和党另一称呼 = Republican Party 例句:The GOP has nominated Mr. Bush as its Presidential candidate.(GOP 已提名 Bush 先生为总统候选人) PMS (Pre-menstrual Syndrome) 这是女人在月经前不舒服或心情不好所常用的缩写字 ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) 指青少年不能集中注意力,静不下来的一种病症。 例句:Tens of thousands of youngsters are suffering from ADHD in the U.S. (在美国成千上万的青少年有 ADHD 的毛病) RSVP (Respondez sil vous plait) 这是法文,通常在请帖上使用的「敬请回音」= Please reply(或 respond) 例句:There is“RSVP”on the invitation card. BYOB (bring your own bottle) 老外请客时,为了减少负担或个人爱好酒的品种,在请帖上注明「请自己带酒」。 例句:Whenever he invites guests, he asks “BYOB”。 (他只要请客,就要人家自己带酒。) AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Sydrome)艾滋病 例句:AIDS has spread all over the world. CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) 心脏病急救法 例句:Everyone should learn how to do CPR. EKG (Electrocardiography) 心电图检查 (不是 ECG) 例句:Her physician asks her to have an EKG next week. (医生要她下周做 EKG) IV (intravenous injection) 为病人注射的点滴 例句:In the hospital emergency room, I saw a patient with an IV on his arm. (在医院大的急诊病房里,我看见一个病人在打点滴) WTO----world trade organization 世贸 CEO----chief executive officer总裁 R&B----research and development 研究开发 CAD----computer assisted design计算机辅助设计 CTV----cable television 有线电视 PCS----program control switches程控电话交换机 IDD----international direct dialing 国际长途直拨 Int-tele----internet telephone 因特网电话 Mob tele----mobile telephone 移动电话 B-ISTN----宽带综合业务数字网 E-b----E-business 电子商务 SOE----state-owned enterprise 国有企业 FIE----foreign-invested enterprise 外资企业 FDI----foreign direct investment外国直接投资 JV ----joint venture 合资经营 SEZ----special economic zone经济特区 TQC----total quality control全面质量管理 CI ----corporate image 企业形象 h.o.---head office 总部 IT-----information industry 信息产业 memo---memora0000 备忘录 5yr-P-----Five-Year Plan 五年计划 telcom-----telecommunication 通讯 CEO Chief Executive Officer UN 联合国 UNESCO联合国科教文组织 WHO 世界卫生组织 OPEC 欧佩克(石油出口国家组织) GATT 关贸总协定 OECD经济合作与发展组织 TMF 国家货币基金组织 EEC欧洲经济共同体 NATO 北大西洋公约组织 VOA 美国之音 NY纽约 CBS哥伦比亚广播公司 PBS 美国公共广播电视公司 ABC澳大利亚广播公司 BBC英国广播公司 ITT 国际电报电话公司 CIA 中央情报局 FBI 联邦调查局 VCLA加利福尼亚州立大学 KKK 三K党 ERA 平等权利修正案 UPI (美)合众国际社 VIP 重要任务 POW 战俘 GI 美国士兵 MP 国会议员(英) JAL日本航空公司 PRC中华人民共和国 CACC 中国民航局